巴楚医学

目的：调查分析宜昌城区学龄前儿童贫血状况及影响因素，为制定营养干预措施和遗传咨询提供科学依据。方法：采用分层整群抽样的方法，2020年10月在宜昌城区随机抽取25所幼儿园的在园儿童，进行贫血筛查，统计宜昌城区学龄前儿童贫血患病率。对贫血相关影响因素进行问卷调查，并进行单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：共调查5 637名在园儿童，有贫血儿童472例，贫血患病率为8.37%。其中缺铁性贫血406例，占86.02%;地中海贫血15例，占3.18%;巨幼细胞性贫血18例，占3.81%。问卷调查分析显示，贫血与儿童性别、年龄、饮食习惯、母亲贫血史、家庭年收入及家族贫血史有相关性，差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示，3～4岁、男孩、母亲孕期贫血、儿童不良饮食习惯、家庭年收入<10万元、家族性贫血史为儿童贫血的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论：宜昌城区学龄前儿童贫血患病率低于国家要求水平，应做好贫血独立危险因素的宣教，降低本地区儿童贫血患病率。

Objective: To investigate the status and influencing factors of anemia in preschool children in Yichang city, and to provide scientific basis for the formulation of nutritional intervention and genetic counseling. Methods: The children from 25 kindergartens in Yichang city were randomly selected for screening anemia using cluster sampling method. The related factors were investigated by questionnaire, which were further analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 5 637 children were investigated, and 472 children had anemia, with prevalence of anemia at 8.37%. Among them, there were 406 cases with iron-deficiency anemia, 15 cases with Thalassemia, and 18 cases with megaloblastic anemia, which was accounting for 86.02%, 3.18%, and 3.81%, respectively. The questionnaire analysis indicated anemia was correlated with children's sex, age, eating habits, mother's anemia history, family annual income and family anemia history, with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05). The results of Logistic regression analysis suggested that 3 to 4 years old, boys, maternal anemia during pregnancy, children's poor eating habits, family annual income less than 100,000 yuan, and family history of anemia were independent risk factors for anemia in children(all P<0.05). Conclusion: The anemia prevalence of preschool children in Yichang is lower than the national requirement level, while education on independent risk factors of anemia should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of anemia.